Narcissistic Personality Disorder

Definition

Narcissistic personality disorder is a condition characterized by an inflated sense of self-importance and an extreme preoccupation with one's self.

Causes, incidence, and risk factors

The cause of this disorder is unknown. Personality disorders are long-lasting patterns of behavior that cause problems with relationships and work. Narcissistic personality disorder usually begins by early adulthood and is marked by disregard for the feelings of others, grandiosity, obsessive self-interest, and the pursuit of primarily selfish goals.

Symptoms

A person with narcissistic personality disorder:

• Reacts to criticism with feelings or rage, shame, or humiliation
• Takes advantage of others to achieve own goals
• Has feelings of self-importance
• Exaggerates achievements and talents
• Is preoccupied with fantasies of success, power, beauty, intelligence, or ideal love
• Has unreasonable expectations of favorable treatment
• Requires constant attention and admiration
• Lacks empathy

Signs and tests

Personality disorders are diagnosed based on a psychological evaluation and the history and severity of the symptoms.

Treatment

Psychotherapy may help the affected person relate to others in a more positive and compassionate manner.

Expectations (prognosis)

The outcome varies with the severity of the disorder.

Complications

• Relationship and family problems
• Alcohol or other drug dependence

continue: Treatment of Histrionic Personality Disorder

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Reviewed: 04/2006