cont. from

Do people with Tourette Syndrome have other associated behaviors in addition to tics?

The frequency of co-occurrence is still controversial, but some people with Tourette Syndrome may have additional problems such as:

• Obsessions - which consist of repetitive, unwanted or bothersome intrusive thoughts.
• Compulsive behaviors - repetitive, often ritualistic actions in which the person feels that something must be done over and over, often in a very specific manner. Examples include touching an object with one hand after touching it with the other hand to "even things up", or repeatedly checking to see that the flame on the stove is turned off. Children sometimes beg their parents to repeat a sentence many times until it "sounds right".

Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD or ADHD) (with or without hyperactivity) - children may show signs of hyperactivity before TS symptoms appear. Indications of ADHD may include:

• difficulty in concentrating
• failing to finish what is started
• not seeming to listen
• being easily distracted
• often acting before thinking
• easily overwhelmed and frustrated
• shifting constantly from one activity to another
• needing a great deal of supervision
• and general fidgeting.

Adults may exhibit signs of ADHD such as:

• overly impulsive behavior
• concentration difficulties
• and the need to move constantly

ADD without hyperactivity includes all of the above symptoms except for the high level of activity.

Learning Disabilities - such as dyslexia, reading, writing and perceptual difficulties, problems with visual/motor integration.

Behavioral problems - which may result from obsessive compulsive traits, attention problems, poor self-esteem due to TS symptoms, and poor school performance.

Sleep disorders - which may include walking or talking in one's sleep, delayed sleep onset and frequent awakenings.

Difficulties with impulse control - in which routine interactions may rapidly escalate into major confrontations resulting in inappropriate behaviors, ranging from mild unruliness to explosive, defiant rage and aggression altogether out of proportion to the underlying incident.

What are the first symptoms of Tourette Syndrome?

The most common first symptom is a facial tic, such as rapidly blinking eyes or twitches of the mouth. However, involuntary sounds, such as throat clearing and sniffing, or tics of the limbs may be the initial signs. For some, the disorder begins abruptly with multiple symptoms of movements and sounds.

What causes the symptoms of Tourette Syndrome?

The cause of Tourette Syndrome has not been established, although current research presents considerable evidence that the disorder stems from the abnormal metabolism of at least one brain chemical (neurotransmitter) called dopamine. Very likely other neurotransmitters, such as serotonin, are also involved.

continue: Genetics, Treatment and Education

top . pages 1 2 3 4 . send to friend . tourette's site map

Reviewed: 03/2006